Hannah Swope

Wildlife/Forestry Specialist, Washington Soil and Water Conservation District

While many people think of spring as starting in late March, Ohio’s wildlife season actually begins weeks earlier. By mid- to late February, animals across the state are already responding to warmer temperatures, longer daylight hours, and seasonal rains. According to the Ohio Division of Wildlife, late winter and early spring are important months for breeding, nesting, and raising young for many native species.

Understanding what wildlife is doing during these months can help Ohio residents appreciate the season — and know what to do if they encounter a young animal.

One of the earliest signs of spring happens mostly out of sight and often at night. During the first warm, rainy evenings of late February, several species of mole salamanders begin migrating from their winter burrows to temporary woodland wetlands known as vernal pools. Vernal pools are shallow depressions that fill with rainwater and snowmelt in spring. Because they usually dry up later in the year, they do not contain fish, making them safe breeding areas for amphibians. Species such as spotted salamanders travel across forest floors to reach the same pools where they were born. There they lay eggs before returning to the forest, leaving the pools filled with developing salamander larvae and frog tadpoles.

By March, Ohio’s only native marsupial, the Virginia opossum, begins raising its young. Female opossums give birth to tiny babies about the size of a honeybee. After birth, the young crawl into the mother’s pouch where they continue developing. Several weeks later, the young leave the pouch and often ride on their mother’s back while she searches for food. Because opossums commonly live near people, residents may occasionally encounter a young one alone. Wildlife officials note that baby opossums smaller than about seven inches long (not including the tail) may need help from a licensed wildlife rehabilitator.

In April, bird nesting season begins across Ohio. Species such as the American robin build nests in trees, shrubs, and sometimes on porches or ledges. At the same time, Eastern cottontail rabbits begin raising their young. Rabbit nests are often shallow depressions in lawns lined with grass and fur. The mother usually visits the nest only briefly — often at dawn and dusk — to feed the babies and avoid attracting predators. Because of this behavior, rabbit nests are often mistaken as abandoned even though the mother is still caring for them.

By May, larger mammals begin having their young. White-tailed deer give birth to fawns that spend their first weeks lying quietly in grass or brush. Their spotted coats help them remain hidden while their mother feeds nearby. Birds are also entering the fledgling stage. Fledglings are young birds that have left the nest but are still learning to fly and are usually still being cared for by their parents.

What to Do If You Find a Baby Animal:

The Ohio Division of Wildlife reminds residents that young animals are often not abandoned, even if they appear alone.

If you encounter a baby animal:

¯ Observe from a distance first.

¯ Keep pets and children away.

¯ Do not feed or give water.

¯ Contact a licensed wildlife rehabilitator if the animal is clearly injured or orphaned.

Ohio law generally prohibits keeping wild animals without proper permits.

As spring unfolds from February through May, Ohio’s forests, wetlands, and backyards become nurseries for wildlife. By understanding these seasonal changes and giving animals space, residents can help ensure that the next generation of wildlife has the best chance to grow and thrive.

To learn more go to https://ohiodnr.gov/discover-and-learn/safety-conservation/about-ODNR/wildlife/orphaned-injured